Stem Cells And Its Effects On Human Cells - 2106 Words

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells within the body that are defined by their ability to self renew and differentiate into specialized cells (1). Stem cells function in body tissues as a repair mechanism, with an unlimited ability to divide and restock cells as needed by the body. Each time a stem cell divides, the new cell formed can either remain a stem cell or differentiate into a specialized cell, such as a brain cell. Traditionally, there are two main types of stem cells: human embryonic stem cells [HESCs] and adult somatic stem cells. In 1981,embryonic stem cells were the first type of stem cell to be discovered (2). Embryonic stem cells originate from four-to-five day old embryos formed during the blastocyst phase of embryological development. The embryos used to derive stem cells are usually extras that were created using in vitro fertilization and not implanted (2). Induced pluripotent stem cells [iPS cells] are specialized adult somatic cells that have been genetically modified to function similarly to embryonic stem cells; that is, iPS cells have the ability to differentiate into all adult cell types (2). The discovery of iPS cells in 2006 was very exciting for the medical community as researchers hoped to use iPS cells in many ways, including: to gain an increased understanding of disease pathology, as aids in transplant medicine, and in pharmaceutical and cytotoxicity studies. Subsequent research on iPS cells has revealed some areas of concern including:Show MoreRelatedStem Cells And Its Effect On Human Cells1369 Words   |  6 PagesStem cells are cells that have the ability to generate other cells. If research continues going the way it is now stem cells could potentially reduce the need for insulin in diabetics and treat various conditions and diseases. The discovery of stem cells, how they differentiate and their potential use in medic ine are very important stories. Stem Cells can be obtained two different ways, one from embryos, which are called embryonic stem cells, and one from adults, called adult stem cells. Stem cellRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effect On The Human Body1407 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Stem cells are unspecialized cells of a multicellular organism and it has capability changing into any type cell. When stem cells divides, the new cell has the potential of choosing whether to stay a stem cell or turn into any type of specialized such as: skin cells, neurons, muscle cells and many more. Stem cells have no specific function but are special in their own way. In the early stage of the development, stem cells have the extraordinary potential to develop into any type of cell in theRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effects On Human Life2914 Words   |  12 Pagesyears, stem cell research has become more of the primary focus in the world of medicine. Scientists see the next ten years as being monumental in the growth of biology, as stem cells continue to amaze them with their potential to save and improve the quality of human life. These cells have the possibility to save millions of people with diseases thought to be incurable. However, there is controversy about the use of cer tain types of stem cells. Some stem cells are obtained from the cells of an earlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Stem Cell On The Human Body2802 Words   |  12 Pagesas incurable but embryotic stem cells may hold the cure. With that said, many researchers in the medical field have become quite involved in the study of stem cells. A stem cell is an immature cell that has the potential to become specialized into different types of cells throughout the body. There are two different types of stem cells: adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. These cells are important because they have the ability to repair damaged tissue in the human body. Although they are bothRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effects On The Human Body998 Words   |  4 PagesStem cells are undifferentiated cells that have potential to be developed into many different specialized cell types, such as skin cells, bone cells, muscle cells, and many more. Stem cells used in research today derive from mainly two sources, embryos f rom the blastocyst phase of embryological development, known as embryonic stem cells, and adult tissue, known as adult stem cells (â€Å"Stem Cell Basics†). Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are roughly five-days-old, when it is in theRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cells Or No?1006 Words   |  5 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cells or No? Did you know that since 1981, researchers have been removing embryonic stem cells from thousands of embryos to create cells that could potentially save people from diseases? How many patients do you think this has helped since then? Hundreds? Thousands? Wrong. In fact, not one â€Å"cure† has been found to help people with Parkinson’s, cancer, heart disease and so many more rare diseases that it is said to be able to help. Embryonic stem cell research has been an issue inRead MoreThe Controversial Topic Of Stem Cell Research Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesStem Cell Research is still the most controversial topic in science today. The idea behind the experiment involves the development, use, and destruction of human embryos. The research method mainly focuses on embryonic stem cells, which involves taking tissue from an aborted embryo to get a better look at the cell and obtain information for the fundamental properties of the cells. Embryonic stem cells play a major role in the research because the cell provides information for cell development toRead MoreThe Medical Promise Of Embryonic Stem Cells1626 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cells Why should people suffer from diabetes, Alzheimer’s, sickle cell anemia, leukemia, and plenty of other degenerative diseases while the cure lies in our hands? After James Thompson, a developmental biologist, reported that he had derived the first human embryonic stem cell line (Thomson), the potential of curing degenerative diseases was revealed. Ph.D. holder and deputy director of FDA’s office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Stephanie Simek, explains that stem cells are unspecializedRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell1680 Words   |  7 Pageslife, cells make up every organ and body part of a living organism. Among various types of cells of human bodies, a stem cell can turn into any type of specialized cell of human body. A stem cell is a cell that has the ability to develop into any conceivable different kind of specialized cell type. The existence of a stem cell was first discovered by Drs. James Till and Ernset McCulloch from Canada. A stem cell can be distinguished into two types: adult stem cell and embryonic stem cell. An embryonicRead MoreHematopoietic Stem Cells to Cure Leukemia980 Words   |  4 Pages Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Cure Leukemia Genetic Engineering consists in altering the DNA of a cell with the purpose of researching, as well as correcting genetic defects. (learn.genetics.edu) One of the human bodys cells has the ability to grow into any one of the bodys more than 200 cell types and this is called Stem Cells. They are not specialized and unlike mature cells, they can renew themselves and create new cells. Stem cells have a great potential, but extremely limited is the

Essay on I Am Not a Crook The Watergate Scandal - 1561 Words

The 37th President, Richard Milhous Nixon, marred the reputation of not only himself, but of every president after him. The Watergate Scandal was a major upheaval in the trust of a president. When it came to electing officials, President Nixon wasnt the best; he often elected corrupt officials. The Cambodian Campaign, which was ordered by Nixon, prolonged Americas involvement in the Vietnam War, which was driven by heavy anti-communist views, not with the best interest of America in mind.. Using evidence from his life, education, political career, and the mistakes of his presidency, we will determine whether or not his presidency was positive or negative. On January 9, 1913, on a little lemon ranch in Yorba Linda, California, Francis†¦show more content†¦The court ordered that a house be sold to cover a debt, which Nixon did, but he did not seek out if there were any other charges on a house. This brought a lawsuit towards the firm from the original firms client. Due to Nixo ns inexperience the firm payed the price(Black 39). Was it inexperience? Or was it purposeful negligence? Despite the failure on Nixons part though, this case and later cases would make him a nationally known lawyer. As a lawyer, Nixon was known for his inability to take on divorce cases. Hearing about the sexual misconduct of women made the future president very embarrassed and uncomfortable. Although in 1938 Richard found the woman he would eventually marry; the woman was Patricia Ryan born Thelma Catherine Ryan. After many unsuccessful proposal attempts, Patricia Ryan accepted and they were officially married on June 29th, 1940(Black 45). But interestingly enough, â€Å"They often went to Los Angeles for dinner and night clubs and led a double life between the L.A. Nights and workday Whittier...†(Black 45). Through the rest of his career he would have his wife and continue his climb to political power. Nixons political path would lead in him to a multitude of pathways. He watched and took notes closely of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Roosevelts political policies. Nixon began working in a government office called the Office of Price Administration. Nixons first assignment was hectic, he worked onShow MoreRelatedThe Watergate Scandal Essay example1189 Words   |  5 Pages amp;#65279;Watergate, the popular name for the political scandal and constitutional crisis which broke out in 1972 during the presidential reign of Richard Nixon, remains a mysterious happening even today. Some details, people, events, degrees of involvement, and reasons are still unresolved. But what began as a third-rate burglary on June 17, 1972 escalated into a full- blown scandal that had a resounding effect on how many Americans viewed the government of their country. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;RichardRead More Nixon: A Presidential Unraveling1547 Words   |  7 PagesCorruption in politics has never been more notably observable by the American people than that of the Watergate Crisis. Though Nixon’s involvement of the actual break-in has never been proven, his cover-up of the event and his misuse of Presidential power were clearly established. Over the course of several years, America would bear witness to scandalous events, the first resignation of a President, conviction and imprisonment of twenty-five officials within the Nixon administration, and undoubtedlyRead MoreRichard Nixon And The Watergate Scandal2499 Words   |  10 PagesRichard Nixon’s involvement in the Watergate scandal left no doubt to his involvement of being impeached. During the Nixon Administration, he was able to prevent colleges from being gender biased and allowing both male and female to have equal opportunity and receiving financial aid as well as competin g in sports. He was able to establish the Environmental Protection Agency. He also worked to create a relationship between the U.S and the Middle East. Unfortunately, even with all of the accomplishmentsRead MoreThe Lasting Implications Of The Watergate Scandal2275 Words   |  10 PagesWatergate Scandal Grace Jacobson Block 2 November 22, 2016 The Lasting Implications of the Watergate Scandal I. Introduction â€Å"I am not a crook† is one of the most famous quotes from President Richard M. Nixon.   Citizens of the United States of America would hope that their president would never have to defend himself as a crook, but that is just what happened in the presidency of Richard M. Nixon. President Nixon had to defend himself for not being a crook because of the events famously knownRead MoreRichard Nixon vs Ronald Reagan Essay examples726 Words   |  3 PagesA Crook versus the Hot Actor When you think of influential presidents you think Abraham Lincoln or Bill Clinton? When someone mentions influential presidents to me, I think of Ronald Reagan and Richard Nixon. They were both elected for two terms, but each of them was seen either in a positive light or a negative light. On television, Nixon said, â€Å"I am not a crook,† but that is what he is known for even today. Although, Reagan was the oldest president elected into office, in my opinion;Read MoreThe Political Disaster of Watergate Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesThe political disaster of Watergate in the early 1970s marked the first time a president resigned. Essentially, it began when a former Marine, Daniel Ellsberg, who no longer supported war in Vietnam, leaked an analysis of American involvement there to The New York Times, starting in 1971. President Richard Nixon, a very private man, demanded that these Pentagon Papers be kept secret in order to prevent the public from finding out exact ly what was going on. The scandal that followed ruined Nixon andRead MoreWatergate Complex After The Watergate1781 Words   |  8 Pagesin the Watergate complex after signs of breaking in were found on the doors. No one at that time knew this subtle crime would lead to the greatest scandal in the US history and the resignation of the current President, Richard Nixon. Evidences later showed that the Watergate Incident was only a mere part of the ugly crimes the Nixon Administration had committed to achieve their ultimate goal of reelection, and Nixon had intentionally attempted a cover up to save his reputation. The Watergate incidentRead More The Watergate Scandal Essay2188 Words   |  9 Pagesmonths that followed the Watergate burglary. On June 17, 1972 five men, one White House employee and four Cubans, broke into the Watergate Office Building in Washington, DC in an attempt to bug the Democratic National Committee (DNC) office. The break in and the events that took place aft erwards led to the resignation of Richard Milhous Nixon on August 8, 1974. The morning of June 18, Nixon was at his home in Key Biscayne, FL. when he read a headline about the Watergate break in. The idea wasRead MoreScandal : The Watergate Scandal2408 Words   |  10 PagesKristine Holdorf March 16, 2015 English 122 Scandal Paper Final Draft The Watergate Scandal High-level political and governmental figures are often involved in influencing public policy as well as taking part in decision making. We look up to them and trust them to make our country a better place and protect us. Presidents, for instance, are very powerful leaders who enforce our nation’s laws and work very hard to keep our country safe. Presidents are often described as being courageous, dedicatedRead MoreWatergate Scandal2036 Words   |  9 PagesThe Watergate Scandal Essay written by Unknown The Watergate Scandal was a series of crimes committed by the President and his staff, who were found to spied on and harassed political opponents, accepted illegal campaign contributions, and covered up their own misdeeds. On June 17, 1972, The Washington Post published a small story. In this story the reporters stated that five men had been arrested breaking into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee. The headquarters was located in

Tourism An Attractive Industry For Economic Development Free Essays

string(94) " scene and the multicultural population in UK makes it a very attractive tourist destination\." ABSTRACT Tourism is widely recognized as an important catalyst for economic growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the tourism industry is amongst the biggest industries that make substantial contribution to the economy in terms of its contribution to the GDP, the revenue generated, increased employment and other benefits. The success of the tourism industry begs the question what are the characteristics that make it an attractive industry for economic growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to respond to this question, this analysis will explore on the various tourist attraction sites including natural and cultural attractions, heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment and events. This will include examining how these attractions contribute to economic development. UK will be used as the case study. INTRODUCTION Tourism is widely recognized as an important catalyst for economic growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the tourism industry is amongst the biggest industries that make substantial contributions to the economy in terms of its contribution to the GDP, the revenue generated, increased employment and other benefits (Business tourism 2003). Take for example the UK, the 6th largest destination in the world attracting over 32 million overseas visitors yearly (Williams et al., 2010). UK’s tourism industry is the 5th largest industry and contributes to a large proportion of the GDP. In 2007, the industry was valued at ?114 billion representing 8.2% of GDP and employing over 2.65 million people (Williams et al., 2010). In 2009, the industry was valued at ?115.4 billion of the UK economy, hence representing 8.9% of UK GDP (Williams et al., 2010). The tourism industry is further anticipated to grow yearly at 2.6%, a growth rate similar to that of retail and construction industries (Williams et al., 2010). Indeed, tourism increasingly continues to become an attractive industry for economic growth with an increasing number of visitors. This begs the question what are the characteristics that make tourism an attractive industry for economic developmentThis analysis is thus intended on exploring on these characteristics with a focus on the factors that lead to economic development. Before giving an overview of the fundamental aspects of the economics of tourism, we will first define what we understand by the term â€Å"tourism† WHAT IS TOURISM? The term â€Å"tourism† was first defined by Hunziker and Krapf (1942), the main pioneers of tourism research. They defined tourism as a sum of relations and phenomena that resulted from travelling and staying of non-residents. In this context, a stay does not result into permanent residence of the individual and is not in any way connected to permanent or temporary earning activity. This conceptual definition was for a considerable time generally accepted but had certain flaws. For example, a visit to the hospital could be considered as a form of tourism. Furthermore, under this conceptual definition, non-residents were only identified with foreigners; hence domestic tourism had no place in it. In the later years, a more succinct definition of tourism was put forth by the British Tourism Society. Based on the work of Burkart Medlik (1974), the British Tourism Society adopted the following definition. Tourism is deemed to be inclusive of any activity concerned with short-term movement of people to destinations other than their neither main continuous domiciles nor place of work (Burkart Medlik 1974). Within this conceptual definition, activities involving a stay or a visit to the destination are included. It also allows for domestic and day visits as well. This definition still applies up to date. Another conceptual definition that deserves special attention is that put forth by Gilbert (1990). Gilbert (1990) posits that tourism is a part of recreation that involves travelling to other destinations for a short term-period with the aim of satisfying a consumer need. This definition places tourism in the overall context of recreation. Recreation according to Cooper et al. (1993) refers to the pursuits engaged in during leisure time. However, it should be noted that tourism is not only confined to activities carried out during leisure time. Part of the tourism (business tourism in particular) takes place during working time including conventions and business meetings. TOURIST SECTORS Tourism comprise of five main sectors: a) THE ATTRACTION SECTOR: – this sector comprise of the natural and cultural attractions, heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment and events (Anon 2004). b) THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR: – this sector comprise of the hotels, motels, apartments, villas and flats, guest houses, holiday villages, campsites, marinas, touring caravans and condominium timeshares (Anon 2004). c) THE TRANSPORT SECTOR: – Consists of the airlines, railways, shipping lines, car rental operators, and bus and coach operators (Anon 2004). d) THE TRAVEL ORGANIZER SECTOR: – the sector covers tour operators, travel agents and incentive travel organizers among others (Anon 2004). e) THE DESTINATION ORGANIZATION SECTOR: – this includes regional and national tourist offices, local tourist officers and tourism associations (Anon 2004). In order to answer the question: what are the characteristics that make tourism an attractive industry for economic development, we will explore on the attraction sites discussed above. This will also include exploring on business tourism and its contribution to economic development. CULTURAL AND HERITAGE ATTRACTIONS Cultural and heritage attractions play a significant role in the tourism industry. Most of the world heritage sites have a cultural significance that transcend national boundaries and of importance to the present and future generations. Currently, there are 890 world heritage sites reflecting a rich diversity of the world’s cultural heritage (Endresen 1999). In the United Kingdom, sites as diverse such as the Giant’s Causeway, City of Edinburgh, Blaenavon Industrial landscape, and Manchester City help make up the UK’s heritage (UNESCO 2009). In this context, Manchester city, one of the most vibrant cosmopolitan cities has a thriving art and cultural scene that attracts a large number of visitors. The city’s attraction centres include the sports stadiums, museums and galleries, and music venues (UNESCO 2009). The rich cultural heritage, vibrant arts scene and the multicultural population in UK makes it a very attractive tourist destination. You read "Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development" in category "Essay examples" Museums which showcase the best of Britain’s culture and history attract millions of international and domestic visitors. Britain’s culture and heritage is estimated to attracting ?4.5 billion worth of spending by inbound visitors annually (UNESCO 2009). NATURAL LANDSCAPE SITES Another popular attractive site in the tourism industry is the natural landscape. Natural landscapes such as Stonehenge, the most famous and mysterious landmark in the UK, attracts a vast number of tourists (Mieczkowski, 1990). Built over 650 years ago and consisting of a ring of monolithic stones, the landmark is a very popular attractive site. Scenic landscapes such as the Wye Valley, an internationally protected landscape straddling the border between Wales and England also attracts a large number of visitors (Mieczkowski, 1990). This area that covers parts of Hertfordshire, Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire is widely recognized for its gorgeous scenery and dense native woodlands as well as for its wildlife and archaeological remains (Mieczkowski, 1990). NATIONAL AND WILDLIFE PARKS National parks also play a huge role in the tourism industry. Britain’s finest national and wildlife parks, zoos and animal attractions such as the Animalarium attract a large number of visitors (Mathieson Wall 1982). The national parks offer a variety of activities ranging from walking, exploring on the rich and cultural heritage to pursuing other activities such as cycling, rock climbing, and absailing among others (Mathieson Wall 1982). An estimated 110 million people are estimated to visit national parks in England and Wales annually (UNESCO 2009). ENTERTAINMENT AND EVENTS Entertainment and events also play a major role in the tourism industry. Majority of the concerts and music festivals taking place in the UK attract more than 7.7 million visitors, domestic and overseas combined (ICTHR 2010). The significant amount of revenue generated from entertainment and events is used in boosting the UK’s economy. A great majority of these tourists are UK residents who travel outside of their regions to attend events and see their favourite artists perform live in another region within the UK (ICTHR 2010). London dominates as the destination for live music tourism in the UK. Music tourists at the capital outnumber the local music fans. Its dominance can be attributed to the high number of domestic music tourists attending concerts. With a population of more than 7 million people, the region is host to the O2 Arena, the most successful concert venue in the world (ICTHR 2010). London region is also a host to Wembley stadium and Royal Albert Hall as well (ICTHR 2010). Its parks, mainly Victoria Park, Hyde Park and Clapham are home to a growing number of music festivals (ICTHR 2010). BEACHES AND COASTAL AREAS Beaches and coastal areas are also a huge attraction site for tourists. Tourism in the south of Wales, for example, is primarily focused on the coastal areas in order to attract its visitors. The Welsh tourist industry which is worth ?3.5billion and makes a significant contribution to Wales’ GDP relies largely on its excellent coastal scenery in attracting tourists (Williams, et.al, 2010) BUSINESS TOURISM Another important, yet least acknowledged component of the tourism industry is business tourism. It is one of the most lucrative components of the tourism industry with various benefits that stimulate the growth of the economy. In the UK, business tourism is a wide sector encompassing †¢ Conferences and meetings – the British Conference Market Trends Survey 2001 estimates this to be worth around ?7.3 billion annually (Business report 2003). †¢ Exhibitions and trade fairs: – these are listed as the 5th largest marketing medium in the UK attracting 11% of the media expenditure and are estimated at ?2.04 billion annually (Business report 2003). †¢ Incentive travel: – the value of inbound incentive travel market is estimated to be around ?165 million annually (Business report 2003). †¢ Corporate events: – estimates for this segment are between ?700 million and ?1billion annually (Business report 2003). †¢ Outdoor events: – a rough estimate of the outdoor events is around ?1billion annually (Business report 2003). In the past few decades, business tourism has grown significantly exceeding the overall tourism growth rate. According to the International Passenger Survey 2001, business tourism accounted for 29.7% of all overseas visitors to the UK and 31.7% of the inbound earnings (Business report 2003). From what can be discerned, investment in business tourism can significantly stimulate the growth of the economy. It may lead to regeneration of urban and inner cities as evident with Birmingham, Glasgow, Cardiff, Belfast and Manchester (Business report 2003). Its resilience during the great recession makes it even more an attractive industry for investment. The business tourism proved resilient, being less affected by economic downturns and by disasters such as the Foot and Mouth Epidemic unlike leisure tourism (Business report 2003). With the above in mind, it is worthy examining some of the main elements that make attractions to be appealing to many. CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURIST ATTRACTIONS It is important to recognize that tourists’ attractions are not all equal. Some may have more potential to draw visitors than others. The main elements that set attractions apart include quality, uniqueness, authenticity, drawing power and activity options. QUALITY: – high quality is a key principle for tourism development. This means offering smooth customer oriented operations and procedures and ensuring that attractions have a pleasing appearance and that they are visitor friendly (Merchant 2005). This includes asking these questions †¢ Is the attraction visitor friendly? †¢ .How does it rate in terms of the appearance, hospitality, operations and resource protection? AUTHENTICITY: – authenticity refers to originality. For example, if it is a cultural heritage attraction, authenticity would imply letting the distinctive local flavour of the community to shine in ways that create a â€Å"sense of place†(Merchant 2005). We can consider: †¢ Whether the attraction reflects the natural and cultural heritage of the community? UNIQUENESS: – this is the â€Å"edge† that sets attraction apart from competition. It involves asking the fundamental question: †¢ Is the attraction unique? Take for example, The London Eye which is sitting on the South Bank of River Thames. Hanging like a gigantic wheel, this landmark is instantly recognizable. It is currently the biggest Ferris wheel in Europe standing 135 metres high and supported by a giant A-frame which juts the spindle (UNESCO 20090. This makes it unique from other Ferris wheels which use two A-frames and axle support method. DRAWING POWER: – this is a measurement on the power to attract a large number of visitors (Merchant 2005). ACTIVITY OPTIONS: – this is an important characteristic of attractions (Merchant 2005). It involves assessing whether the attraction site offer a varied and changing set of activities. CONCLUSION Indeed, tourism is an attractive industry for economic development. Major attraction sites including the scenic landscapes, cultural and heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, landmarks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment among others attract a large number of visitors. There is no doubt that the industry contributes to a large proportion of the GDP and is responsible for employing millions of people. This makes it an important industry for investment. (2,070 words) REFERENCES Anon, 2004. Economic characteristics of the tourism sector, http://v5.books.elsevier.com/bookscat/samples/9780750666374/9780750666374.PDF {Accessed 21st January 2012} Burkart, A.J. and S. Medlik, 1974. Tourism. Past, Present and Future. London: Heinemann. Cooper, C., J. Fletcher, D. Gilbert and S. Wanhill, 1993. Tourism. Principles Practice. London: Pitman Publishing. Business tourism partnership report, 2003. Business tourism briefing: an overview of the UK’s business tourism industry. London http://www.businesstourismpartnership.com/pubs/briefing.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Endresen, K., 1999. Sustainable tourism and cultural heritage: A review of development assistance and its potential to promote sustainability http://www.nwhf.no/files/File/culture_fulltext.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Gilbert, D.C., 1990. â€Å"Conceptual issues in the meaning of tourism†. In: C.P. Cooper (ed.), Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, Vol. 2. London: Pitman Publishing. Hunziker, W. k. Krapf, 1942. Grundriss der Allgemeinen Fremdenverkehrslehre. Zurich: Polygraphischer Verlag International Centre for Tourism and Hospitality Research (ICTHR), 2010. The contribution of music festivals and major concerts to tourism in the UK. London: Bournemouth University. http://www.ukmusic.org/assets/media/UK%20Music%20-Music%20Tourism.pdf{Accessed 22nd January 2012} Mathieson, A. and G. Wall, 1982. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts. London: Longman. Merchant, R., 2005. Tourism attraction characteristics. Community tourism handbook: Minnesota Extension. http://nercrd.psu.edu/entrepreneur_what_works_wksp/Handouts/MerchantCharacteristics23.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Mieczkowski, Z., 1990. World Trends in Tourism and Recreation. New York. UNESCO, 2009. World heritage sites. http://www.unesco.org.uk/world_heritage_sites {Accessed 20th January 2012} Williams, et.al, 2010. An assessment of UK heritage coasts in South Wales: J A steers revisited. Journal of Coastal Research. http://www.griffith.edu.au/conference/ics2007/pdf/ICS087.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} How to cite Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development, Essay examples Tourism An Attractive Industry For Economic Development Free Essays string(55) " in UK makes it a very attractive tourist destination\." ABSTRACT Tourism is widely recognized as an important catalyst for economic growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the tourism industry is amongst the biggest industries that make substantial contribution to the economy in terms of its contribution to the GDP, the revenue generated, increased employment and other benefits. The success of the tourism industry begs the question what are the characteristics that make it an attractive industry for economic growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to respond to this question, this analysis will explore on the various tourist attraction sites including natural and cultural attractions, heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment and events. This will include examining how these attractions contribute to economic development. UK will be used as the case study. INTRODUCTION Tourism is widely recognized as an important catalyst for economic growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the tourism industry is amongst the biggest industries that make substantial contributions to the economy in terms of its contribution to the GDP, the revenue generated, increased employment and other benefits (Business tourism 2003). Take for example the UK, the 6th largest destination in the world attracting over 32 million overseas visitors yearly (Williams et al., 2010). UK’s tourism industry is the 5th largest industry and contributes to a large proportion of the GDP. In 2007, the industry was valued at ?114 billion representing 8.2% of GDP and employing over 2.65 million people (Williams et al., 2010). In 2009, the industry was valued at ?115.4 billion of the UK economy, hence representing 8.9% of UK GDP (Williams et al., 2010). The tourism industry is further anticipated to grow yearly at 2.6%, a growth rate similar to that of retail and construction industries (Williams et al., 2010). Indeed, tourism increasingly continues to become an attractive industry for economic growth with an increasing number of visitors. This begs the question what are the characteristics that make tourism an attractive industry for economic developmentThis analysis is thus intended on exploring on these characteristics with a focus on the factors that lead to economic development. Before giving an overview of the fundamental aspects of the economics of tourism, we will first define what we understand by the term â€Å"tourism† WHAT IS TOURISM? The term â€Å"tourism† was first defined by Hunziker and Krapf (1942), the main pioneers of tourism research. They defined tourism as a sum of relations and phenomena that resulted from travelling and staying of non-residents. In this context, a stay does not result into permanent residence of the individual and is not in any way connected to permanent or temporary earning activity. This conceptual definition was for a considerable time generally accepted but had certain flaws. For example, a visit to the hospital could be considered as a form of tourism. Furthermore, under this conceptual definition, non-residents were only identified with foreigners; hence domestic tourism had no place in it. In the later years, a more succinct definition of tourism was put forth by the British Tourism Society. Based on the work of Burkart Medlik (1974), the British Tourism Society adopted the following definition. Tourism is deemed to be inclusive of any activity concerned with short-term movement of people to destinations other than their neither main continuous domiciles nor place of work (Burkart Medlik 1974. Within this conceptual definition, activities involving a stay or a visit to the destination are included. It also allows for domestic and day visits as well. This definition still applies up to date. Another conceptual definition that deserves special attention is that put forth by Gilbert (1990). Gilbert (1990) posits that tourism is a part of recreation that involves travelling to other destinations for a short term-period with the aim of satisfying a consumer need. This definition places tourism in the overall context of recreation. Recreation according to Cooper et al. (1993) refers to the pursuits engaged in during leisure time. However, it should be noted that tourism is not only confined to activities carried out during leisure time. Part of the tourism (business tourism in particular) takes place during working time including conventions and business meetings. TOURIST SECTORS Tourism comprise of five main sectors: THE ATTRACTION SECTOR: – this sector comprise of the natural and cultural attractions, heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment and events (Anon 2004). THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR: – this sector comprise of the hotels, motels, apartments, villas and flats, guest houses, holiday villages, campsites, marinas, touring caravans and condominium timeshares (Anon 2004). THE TRANSPORT SECTOR: – Consists of the airlines, railways, shipping lines, car rental operators, and bus and coach operators (Anon 2004). THE TRAVEL ORGANIZER SECTOR: – the sector covers tour operators, travel agents and incentive travel organizers among others (Anon 2004). THE DESTINATION ORGANIZATION SECTOR: – this includes regional and national tourist offices, local tourist officers and tourism associations (Anon 2004). In order to answer the question: what are the characteristics that make tourism an attractive industry for economic development, we will explore on the attraction sites discussed above. This will also include exploring on business tourism and its contribution to economic development. CULTURAL AND HERITAGE ATTRACTIONS Cultural and heritage attractions play a significant role in the tourism industry. Most of the world heritage sites have a cultural significance that transcend national boundaries and of importance to the present and future generations. Currently, there are 890 world heritage sites reflecting a rich diversity of the world’s cultural heritage (Endresen 1999). In the United Kingdom, sites as diverse such as the Giant’s Causeway, City of Edinburgh, Blaenavon Industrial landscape, and Manchester City help make up the UK’s heritage (UNESCO 2009). In this context, Manchester city, one of the most vibrant cosmopolitan cities has a thriving art and cultural scene that attracts a large number of visitors. The city’s attraction centres include the sports stadiums, museums and galleries, and music venues (UNESCO 2009). The rich cultural heritage, vibrant arts scene and the multicultural population in UK makes it a very attractive tourist destination. You read "Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development" in category "Essay examples" Museums which showcase the best of Britain’s culture and history attract millions of international and domestic visitors. Britain’s culture and heritage is estimated to attracting ?4.5 billion worth of spending by inbound visitors annually (UNESCO 2009). NATURAL LANDSCAPE SITES Another popular attractive site in the tourism industry is the natural landscape. Natural landscapes such as Stonehenge, the most famous and mysterious landmark in the UK, attracts a vast number of tourists (Mieczkowski, 1990). Built over 650 years ago and consisting of a ring of monolithic stones, the landmark is a very popular attractive site. Scenic landscapes such as the Wye Valley, an internationally protected landscape straddling the border between Wales and England also attracts a large number of visitors (Mieczkowski, 1990). This area that covers parts of Hertfordshire, Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire is widely recognized for its gorgeous scenery and dense native woodlands as well as for its wildlife and archaeological remains (Mieczkowski, 1990). NATIONAL AND WILDLIFE PARKS National parks also play a huge role in the tourism industry. Britain’s finest national and wildlife parks, zoos and animal attractions such as the Animalarium attract a large number of visitors (Mathieson Wall 1982). The national parks offer a variety of activities ranging from walking, exploring on the rich and cultural heritage to pursuing other activities such as cycling, rock climbing, and absailing among others (Mathieson Wall 1982). An estimated 110 million people are estimated to visit national parks in England and Wales annually (UNESCO 2009). ENTERTAINMENT AND EVENTS Entertainment and events also play a major role in the tourism industry. Majority of the concerts and music festivals taking place in the UK attract more than 7.7 million visitors, domestic and overseas combined (ICTHR 2010). The significant amount of revenue generated from entertainment and events is used in boosting the UK’s economy. A great majority of these tourists are UK residents who travel outside of their regions to attend events and see their favourite artists perform live in another region within the UK (ICTHR 2010). London dominates as the destination for live music tourism in the UK. Music tourists at the capital outnumber the local music fans. Its dominance can be attributed to the high number of domestic music tourists attending concerts. With a population of more than 7 million people, the region is host to the O2 Arena, the most successful concert venue in the world (ICTHR 2010). London region is also a host to Wembley stadium and Royal Albert Hall as well (ICTHR 2010). Its parks, mainly Victoria Park, Hyde Park and Clapham are home to a growing number of music festivals (ICTHR 2010). BEACHES AND COASTAL AREAS Beaches and coastal areas are also a huge attraction site for tourists. Tourism in the south of Wales, for example, is primarily focused on the coastal areas in order to attract its visitors. The Welsh tourist industry which is worth ?3.5billion and makes a significant contribution to Wales’ GDP relies largely on its excellent coastal scenery in attracting tourists (Williams, et.al, 2010) BUSINESS TOURISM Another important, yet least acknowledged component of the tourism industry is business tourism. It is one of the most lucrative components of the tourism industry with various benefits that stimulate the growth of the economy. In the UK, business tourism is a wide sector encompassing Conferences and meetings – the British Conference Market Trends Survey 2001 estimates this to be worth around ?7.3 billion annually (Business report 2003). Exhibitions and trade fairs: – these are listed as the 5th largest marketing medium in the UK attracting 11% of the media expenditure and are estimated at ?2.04 billion annually (Business report 2003). Incentive travel: – the value of inbound incentive travel market is estimated to be around ?165 million annually (Business report 2003). Corporate events: – estimates for this segment are between ?700 million and ?1billion annually (Business report 2003). Outdoor events: – a rough estimate of the outdoor events is around ?1billion annually (Business report 2003). In the past few decades, business tourism has grown significantly exceeding the overall tourism growth rate. According to the International Passenger Survey 2001, business tourism accounted for 29.7% of all overseas visitors to the UK and 31.7% of the inbound earnings (Business report 2003). From what can be discerned, investment in business tourism can significantly stimulate the growth of the economy. It may lead to regeneration of urban and inner cities as evident with Birmingham, Glasgow, Cardiff, Belfast and Manchester (Business report 2003). Its resilience during the great recession makes it even more an attractive industry for investment. The business tourism proved resilient, being less affected by economic downturns and by disasters such as the Foot and Mouth Epidemic unlike leisure tourism (Business report 2003). With the above in mind, it is worthy examining some of the main elements that make attractions to be appealing to many. CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURIST ATTRACTIONS It is important to recognize that tourists’ attractions are not all equal. Some may have more potential to draw visitors than others. The main elements that set attractions apart include quality, uniqueness, authenticity, drawing power and activity options. QUALITY: – high quality is a key principle for tourism development. This means offering smooth customer oriented operations and procedures and ensuring that attractions have a pleasing appearance and that they are visitor friendly (Merchant 2005). This includes asking these questions Is the attraction visitor friendly .How does it rate in terms of the appearance, hospitality, operations and resource protection AUTHENTICITY: – authenticity refers to originality. For example, if it is a cultural heritage attraction, authenticity would imply letting the distinctive local flavour of the community to shine in ways that create a â€Å"sense of place†(Merchant 2005). We can consider: Whether the attraction reflects the natural and cultural heritage of the community UNIQUENESS: – this is the â€Å"edge† that sets attraction apart from competition. It involves asking the fundamental question: Is the attraction unique Take for example, The London Eye which is sitting on the South Bank of River Thames. Hanging like a gigantic wheel, this landmark is instantly recognizable. It is currently the biggest Ferris wheel in Europe standing 135 metres high and supported by a giant A-frame which juts the spindle (UNESCO 20090. This makes it unique from other Ferris wheels which use two A-frames and axle support method. DRAWING POWER: – this is a measurement on the power to attract a large number of visitors (Merchant 2005). ACTIVITY OPTIONS: – this is an important characteristic of attractions (Merchant 2005). It involves assessing whether the attraction site offer a varied and changing set of activities. CONCLUSION Indeed, tourism is an attractive industry for economic development. Major attraction sites including the scenic landscapes, cultural and heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, landmarks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment among others attract a large number of visitors. There is no doubt that the industry contributes to a large proportion of the GDP and is responsible for employing millions of people. This makes it an important industry for investment. (2,070 words) REFERENCES Anon, 2004. Economic characteristics of the tourism sector, http://v5.books.elsevier.com/bookscat/samples/9780750666374/9780750666374.PDF {Accessed 21st January 2012} Burkart, A.J. and S. Medlik, 1974. Tourism. Past, Present and Future. London: Heinemann. Cooper, C., J. Fletcher, D. Gilbert and S. Wanhill, 1993. Tourism. Principles Practice. London: Pitman Publishing. Business tourism partnership report, 2003. Business tourism briefing: an overview of the UK’s business tourism industry. London http://www.businesstourismpartnership.com/pubs/briefing.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Endresen, K., 1999. Sustainable tourism and cultural heritage: A review of development assistance and its potential to promote sustainability http://www.nwhf.no/files/File/culture_fulltext.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Gilbert, D.C., 1990. â€Å"Conceptual issues in the meaning of tourism†. In: C.P. Cooper (ed.), Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, Vol. 2. London: Pitman Publishing. Hunziker, W. k. Krapf, 1942. Grundriss der Allgemeinen Fremdenverkehrslehre. Zurich: Polygraphischer Verlag International Centre for Tourism and Hospitality Research (ICTHR), 2010. The contribution of music festivals and major concerts to tourism in the UK. London: Bournemouth University. http://www.ukmusic.org/assets/media/UK%20Music%20-Music%20Tourism.pdf{Accessed 22nd January 2012} Mathieson, A. and G. Wall, 1982. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts. London: Longman. Merchant, R., 2005. Tourism attraction characteristics. Community tourism handbook: Minnesota Extension. http://nercrd.psu.edu/entrepreneur_what_works_wksp/Handouts/MerchantCharacteristics23.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Mieczkowski, Z., 1990. World Trends in Tourism and Recreation. New York. UNESCO, 2009. World heritage sites. http://www.unesco.org.uk/world_heritage_sites {Accessed 20th January 2012} Williams, et.al, 2010. An assessment of UK heritage coasts in South Wales: J A steers revisited. Journal of Coastal Research. http://www.griffith.edu.au/conference/ics2007/pdf/ICS087.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} How to cite Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development, Essay examples

Dr. Jekyll And Mr Hyde Essay Example For Students

Dr. Jekyll And Mr Hyde Essay Dr. Jekyll and Mr HydeChapter 1The story begins with a description of Mr. Utterson, a lawyer inLondon. Mr. Utterson is a reserved, conservative man who does notreveal his true, vibrant personality. He tolerates the strangenessand faults of other. Early in his life, he watched as his brotherfell to ruin, and it is noted that he is often the lastrespectable person that men who are turning to evil or ruin haveto talk to. This foreshadows Uttersons involvement with upcomingevil. Mr. Utterson is friends with Richard Enfield, although the two aretotally different from one another. They always took walks witheach other on Sundays no matter what else they might have to do. As they walk down a lane on Sunday that would usually be crowdedwith merchants and children during the week, Enfield points out anold building without many windows, and only a basement door. Enfield tells a story of how, one night at about 3:00 am, he saw astrange, deformed man round the corner and bump into a young girl. The strange man did not stop but simply walked right over theyoung girl, who cried out in terror. Enfield rushed over andattended the girl along with her family. Still, the strange mancarried on, so Enfield chased him down and urged him back. Adoctor was called and Enfield and the doctor felt an odd hatred ofthe man, warning the man that they would discredit him in everyway possible unless he compensated the girl. The strange managreed to offer 100 British pounds. Enfield notes that the man is like Satan in the way he seemsemotionally cold to the situation. The strange man presented acheque signed by an important person, which they together cashedthe next morning. Enfield states that he refers to the building asBlack Mail House. Utterson asks Enfield if he ever asked who livedin the building, but Enfield explains that he doesnt askquestions about strange things:the more it looks like Queer Street, the less I ask. The building appears lived in, and the two men carry on theirwalk. Enfield continues that the strange man he saw that nightlooked deformed, though he could explain how. Utterson assuresEnfield that his story has caught his interest. The two agreenever to talk about the story again. Chapter 2The same evening, Utterson came home. Instead of reading untilsleep at midnight, he poured over the will of his friend HenryJekyll, a doctor and very educated man. The will stated thatJekylls possessions and position should be handed over to Mr. Hyde, a friend that Utterson had never heard nor met. Uttersonwent to the house of Dr. Lanyon, an old school and college friendof Uttersons and Jekylls, and asked him about Hyde, but Lanyonhad never heard of him. Lanyon uses several evil references whentalking about Jekyll, such as devilish, and gone wrong,foreboding evil relations between Jekyll and Hyde. Utterson knowssomething is wrong between the two. Utterson cant sleep for therest of the night. Utterson considers how the strange man Enfield spoke of couldtrample a child and care nothing for it. Utterson staked out thedoor of the strange building looking for the strange man, whom healso believed was Mr. Hyde. One night, he found him. He confrontshim as he is about to go inside the strange door, and finds thestrange man is indeed Mr. Hyde. Hyde is unpleasant, cool, defiant,and confident. Utterson convinces Hyde to show his face, and Hydesuggests Utterson should know his address, implying that he knowsof Jekylls will. Utterson refers to Hyde to himself astroglodytic, meaning a primitive human being, detestable andunpleasant. Utterson decides to try and visit Jekyll at the latehour. At Jekylls home, he learns from the servants that Hyde never eastdinner at Jekylls house, but is always there in the laboratory,with his own key. The servants rarely see him, but they haveorders to obey him. Utterson leaves, and reflects upon his ownlife, what evil deeds he may be guilty of, and what bad things hisfriend Jekyll may have done in his life. He decides that this Hydemust be gravely evil, far worse than anything Jekyll may have everdone. Utterson decides to try and discover what evil things Hydehas done and may be doing, but fears that his friend Jekyll willobject. To finish, Utterson again considers the strange will ofJekyll, specifically that it he disappears for longer than threemonths, that his estate should be turned over to Hyde. Uttersonfears that Hyde might kill Jekyll for the will. Chapter 3Dr. Jekyll has a dinner party and Utterson attends. Utterson is awell liked and respected man, by Jekyll as well as anyone. Utterson stays behind after the party, and talks with Jekyll aboutthe will. Jekyll tries at first to politely and jovially avoid thetopic towards his scientific rivalry with Dr. Lanyon, but Uttersoninsists. Utterson explains that he thinks the will is a bad idea,and Jekyll wishes to stop talking about it. Jekyll states that heis in a unique situation that cant be fixed through talking, butUtterson promises that he can be trusted to help in confidence. How My Parents Raised Me Sample EssayChapter 7On a walk with Richard Enfield again, he and Utterson resolvenever to see Hyde again. Enfield tells that he now knows that thebuilding Hyde entered that night long ago was Jekylls house. Asthey strolled by Jekylls house, they saw him in a window. Utterson urges him to come for a walk, but Jekyll refuses. Theyagree to talk while Jekyll sits at the window. Suddenly, a look ofterror comes over Jekylls face, and the window blind is shut infront of him, hiding him from the sight of Utterson and Enfield. Frightened, the two men look at each other. God forgive us!cries out Utterson, and the two men walk on. Chapter 8Poole comes to Uttersons house in a panic, saying that Jekyll islocked up in his room again. Poole fears that Jekyll has beenmurdered and that the killer is still in his room, pacing back andforth and moaning and crying out. Utterson agrees to go toJekylls house with Poole. When they arrive, they find all thehouse servants crowded around the fireplace in fear of what goesup in Jekylls room. Poole tells Utterson that he wants him tohear what is going on in Jekylls room. They proceed, and Poolecalls out to his master, saying that Utterson is there to visit. Avoice answers that is certainly Jekyll, pleading for Utterson toleave him alone. Poole reports that the person in the room tosses out papers withorders for chemicals from every company in London, but with everydelivery, Jekyll/Hyde refuses them and sends them back claimingthey are not pure. They examine the notes, and find that thewriting is Jekylls, but with a strange slant like Hydes. Poole mentions that he saw the person in the room at one point,but it looked likeHyde, not JekyllPoole and Utterson decide to break down the door and find out whathas happened in Jekylls room, using an axe. They post two otherservants near the door to prevent Jekyll/Hyde from escaping shouldhe get past Utterson and Poole. Utterson and Poole consider thatthey face some danger in doing this. While they wait for the otherservants to get into position, they sit in the old surgerytheatre, where Poole describes how Jekyll/Hyde paces back andforth across the floor and sometimes cries out. After the servantsare ready, Utterson warns Jekyll that he is coming in, and thevoice begs him not to. They burst in and find Hyde twitching and dying on the floor. Theylook around and find various articles, but no sign of Jekyllsbody. They find chemicals, a book, a cheval-glass, and a strangedrug. They search the house, and still do not find the body. Utterson finds Jekylls latest will and learns that it leaves hisestate to Utterson, not Hyde. Utterson finds this strange becauseHyde was in the room and cold have destroyed this will in favor ofthe one that names him the recipient of the will. Utterson finds anote written in Jekylls handwriting, and is afraid to read it. In it Jekyll says that he has disappeared, that Utterson shouldread the letter Lanyon sent, and also Jekylls own confessionwhich is included with this note. Utterson returns to his officewhere he will read the two important documents. Chapter 9 Lanyons NarrativeOn January 9th, Lanyon receives a letter from Jekyll. It tellsLanyon that this is a matter of life and death. Lanyon is to go toJekylls house, and The door of my cabinet is then to be forced;and you are to go in alone; to open the glazed press (letter E) onthe left hand, breaking the lock if it be shut; and to draw out,with all its contents as the stand, the fourth drawer from the topor (which is the same thing) the third from the bottom. This isto get Jekylls drug. Then, Lanyon is to return to his own homesconsulting room, and wait for a visitor at midnight from Jekyll. Lanyon does this and finds the drug that Jekyll must have madebecause it is not as neatly done as a chemist would do. He returnsto his home and waits for the visitor, keeping a gun with him(revolver) should he need to defend himself. At midnight, Hyde shows up, and is very excited to get the drug,almost crazy, but he stays calm enough. Once Lanyon gives it tohim, a scary smile comes over Hydes face. He tells Lanyon thatLanyon was a fool, and that he would now see proof oftranscendental medicine. He drinks the drug and changes intoJekyll in a terrifying way that haunts Lanyon for the rest of hisfew days until he dies. Lanyon ends his letter by saying that hecannot tell what Jekyll told him because it is too terrible, otherthan that Jekyll and Hyde are the same person.